Special Session: Megathrust Earthquakes: Recurrence, Rupture Modes and Tsunamis
Type: Oral
Day: 5/16/2018
Time: 8:45 AM
Room: Tuttle
Abstract
The highly-variable deformation mode along the NE Caribbean subduction/collision zone probably precludes simultaneous rupture of the entire subduction zone, but may still lead to intraplate earthquakes and tsunamis. Under the Lesser Antilles, where subduction of the North American plate is at high angle, island arc volcanism and large earthquakes occur. The convergence component decreases significantly as the subduction zone curves westward into the Puerto Rico Trench. Tsunami deposits mapped on the island of Anegada, BVI were modeled to arise from an M8.2-8.45 thrust or outer-rise normal earthquake. North of Puerto Rico, the trench is unusually deep and wide, is associated with an extremely negative gravity anomaly, and coincides with trenchward tilting and motion of the island. Frequent deep earthquake swarms occur, but analyses of historical earthquakes and strain partitioning do not support large earthquakes. This segment of the trench is deduced to have low seismic coupling perhaps due to a slab tear. Farther west, north of Mona Passage and eastern Hispaniola, the subducting slab is associated with shallow trench floor and with frequent 20th century earthquakes, the largest (M7.8-8.1) was associated with a devastating local tsunami. Earthquake recurrence in this segment is estimated at ≥ 450 yr. Strike-slip earthquakes on Hispaniola due to strain partitioning have an estimated recurrence of ~300 yr. Subduction ends in central Hispaniola, presumably because it is where the North American slab has reached during the past ~40 Ma. Western Hispaniola undergoes diffuse transpression that also generated devastating earthquakes in 1842 and 2010. Seismic and tsunami hazards also arise from the southward push of the northern Caribbean arc against the Caribbean interior, which manifest in opposing thrusting style across the subduction/transpression boundary, and from internal deformation of the arc, likely resulting from the segmentation of the subduction zone.
Author(s):
ten Brink U. USGS-Woods Hole
The Northern Caribbean Megathrust
Category
Megathrust Earthquakes: Recurrence, Rupture Modes and Tsunamis